TB is a common opportunistic infection associated with HIV. It causes inflammation and a thick, white coating on your mouth, tongue, esophagus or vagina. Candidiasis is a common HIV-related infection. Although it's declined significantly with current treatments for HIV/ AIDS, in the U.S., PCP is still the most common cause of pneumonia in people infected with HIV. This fungal infection can cause severe illness. HIV infection weakens your immune system, making you much more likely to develop many infections and certain types of cancers. This exposes them to droplets of other people's blood. People who use illicit injection drugs often share needles and syringes. These sores act as doorways for HIV to enter your body. Many STIs produce open sores on your genitals. Anal sex is riskier than is vaginal sex. Your risk of HIV increases if you have multiple sexual partners.
Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex. However, you're at greatest risk of HIV/ AIDS if you: Risk factorsĪnyone of any age, race, sex or sexual orientation can be infected with HIV/ AIDS. HIV isn't spread through the air, water or insect bites. That means you can't catch HIV or AIDS by hugging, kissing, dancing or shaking hands with someone who has the infection. You can't become infected with HIV through ordinary contact. Mothers who are HIV-positive and get treatment for the infection during pregnancy can significantly lower the risk to their babies. Infected mothers can pass the virus on to their babies. During pregnancy or delivery or through breastfeeding.The risk may be higher in low-income countries that are not able to screen all donated blood. Hospitals and blood banks screen the blood supply for HIV, so this risk is very small in the U.S. In some cases, the virus may be transmitted through blood transfusions. Sharing contaminated injection drug paraphernalia (needles and syringes) puts you at high risk of HIV and other infectious diseases, such as hepatitis. The virus can enter your body through mouth sores or small tears that sometimes develop in the rectum or vagina during sexual activity. You may become infected if you have vaginal, anal or oral sex with an infected partner whose blood, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body. To become infected with HIV, infected blood, semen or vaginal secretions must enter your body. AIDS is diagnosed when the CD4 T cell count falls below 200 or you have an AIDS-defining complication, such as a serious infection or cancer. You can have an HIV infection, with few or no symptoms, for years before it turns into AIDS. The fewer CD4 T cells you have, the weaker your immune system becomes. HIV destroys CD4 T cells - white blood cells that play a large role in helping your body fight disease. It can spread through sexual contact, illicit injection drug use or sharing needles, contact with infected blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. If you think you may have been infected with HIV or are at risk of contracting the virus, see a health care provider as soon as possible. Persistent white spots or unusual lesions on your tongue or in your mouth.The signs and symptoms of some of these infections may include: These are called opportunistic infections or opportunistic cancers. You'll be more likely to develop diseases that wouldn't usually cause illness in a person with a healthy immune system. When AIDS occurs, your immune system has been severely damaged. Untreated, HIV typically turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. Thanks to these life-saving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. Swollen lymph nodes - often one of the first signs of HIV infectionĪccess to better antiviral treatments has dramatically decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide, even in resource-poor countries.Symptomatic HIV infectionĪs the virus continues to multiply and destroy your immune cells - the cells in your body that help fight off germs - you may develop mild infections or chronic signs and symptoms such as:
Some people develop more severe disease much sooner. This stage can last for many years if you're receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, many people may not have any symptoms or infections during this time. In this stage of infection, HIV is still present in the body and in white blood cells. As a result, the infection spreads more easily during primary infection than during the next stage. However, the amount of virus in your bloodstream (viral load) is quite high at this time. These symptoms can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck.This illness, known as primary (acute) HIV infection, may last for a few weeks. Some people infected by HIV develop a flu-like illness within 2 to 4 weeks after the virus enters the body. The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary, depending on the phase of infection.
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